Hormesis: why it is important to toxicology and toxicologists.

Ideological toxicology: invalid logic, science, ethics about low-dose pollution.

As illustrated by the case of ethanol, claim H is that, for some biological endpoints, low-dose toxins and carcinogens exhibit hormesis, a beneficial or adaprive response characterized by biphasic dose responses and resulting from compensatory biological processes following an initial disruption in homeostasis. From this uncontroversial claim H, however, the paper argues that some toxicologists...

Why Do the Results of Studies on the Effectiveness of Pralidoxime for Treatment of Organophosphate Poisoning Vary?

Organophosphate (OP) compounds are frequently used agorchemicals for deliberate self-harm in some parts of the world resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Pralidoxime (2PAM) is the most widely used and trialed oxime for treatment of OP poisoning. There have been variations over the results of trials using 2PAM for OP poisoning. 2PAM therapy has led to favorable outcomes in some studies, wh...

To What Extent Vital Signs Are Important to Medical Toxicologists When Conflicts Arise in Defining Toxidroms

Timely toxicology.

The ToxChip, a DNA microarray chip, allows the monitoring of the expression levels of thousands of different genes at a time, thereby condensing months of painstaking laboratory tasks into a day's work. For toxicology researchers in particular, this tool is important because it promises a more effective way to identify environmental hazards and their effects on DNA. The ToxChip, developed by NI...

The maturing of hormesis as a credible dose-response model.

Hormesis is a dose-response phenomenon that has received little recognition, credibility and acceptance as evidenced by its absence from major toxicological/risk assessment texts, governmental regulatory dose-response modeling for risk assessment, and non-visibility in major professional toxicological society national meetings. This paper traces the historical evolution of the hormetic dose-res...